Tuesday, July 24, 2012

RJA 13b: Visual Aids


 I chose this image because these are headphones specifically designed for fetal hearing.  
 This image is a rendering of the baby at 17 weeks.  This is the time when hearing is developed. 
 I thought this would be a good image because I talk about various stages of the pregnancy and this shows how big and developed the child is in each step.  


This is another image of when important functions are developed.  


RJA 13a: APA-Style Annotated Bibliography, Part 2


Chang, Mei-Yueh, Chung-Hey Chen, and Kuo-Feng Huang. "Effects of music therapy on psychological health of women during pregnancy." Journal of Clinical Nursing. 17.19 (2008): 2580-2587. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://0-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02064.x/full>.

This excerpt from a book talks about a study done with 236 pregnant women done over a two weeks span.  The women who listened to music everyday for 30 minute showed decreased stress and depression.  



Coila, Bridget. "The Effects of Music on Prenatal Babies." Livestrong. 17 JUL 2011: n. page. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/494633-the-effects-of-music-on-prenatal-babies/ >.

This article talks about the growth of the fetus week by week and music's effect.  The baby can hear sounds at 17 weeks, at 33 weeks can breath in time with the music, and by 38 weeks the baby can react to different genres of music.  

Giobbi, Matthew Tyler. "You Are Your Child." Media, Psychology, Culture, & Music. N.p., 16 JUN 2012. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://www.mgiobbi.com/2012/06/you-are-your-childs-first-music-teacher.html>.

This blog talks about musical talent and its correlation with music exposure in the womb.  This music professor makes it a point to talk to mothers about when they introduced music into their children's lives.  Many of the mothers say they did indeed start while pregnant. 

Swaminathan, Nikhil. "Fact of Fiction? Babies Exposed to Classical Music End up Smarter." Scientific American. 13 SEP 2007: n. page. Web. 28 Jun. 2012.

This article talks about the arguments against the Mozart Theory.  A test in older kids showed only a slight IQ raise that did not last very long.  Some say it is just an old belief that is hard to debunk.  It is also a great way to make money as many pregnant women by the CDs made for fetal listening.  




Sunday, July 15, 2012

RJA 12b: APA-Style Annotated Bibliography, Part 1


Drums, X. (2009, June 19). [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www.x8drums.com/v/blog/2009/06/pregnancy-and-music-how-music.asp

This blog from X8 Drums incorporates both sides of the question of music exposure on unborn babies.  Babies respond to music they heard in the womb during infancy.  The amniotic sack conducts sound which makes sound outside the womb very clear to the child.  Music played too loudly could overstimulate the growing fetus.  

Robledo, S. J. (2012). Music and your unborn child. Retrieved from http://www.babycenter.com/0_music-and-your-unborn-child_6547.bc?page=2

This article explains the criticism music exposure on unborn children has faced.  The tests that were done to measure the effect of music exposure on children were done only older children.  It is hard to measure what happens to a fetus while in the womb.  Music could have a greater effect on the fetus than the older children because of it's fragile and ever-growing state.  

Womb to Bloom. (2009). Mozart: Fact or fiction. Womb to Bloom. Retrieved from http://www.wombtobloom.com/baby-development/125-the-mozart-effect-fact-or-fiction.html

This article explains both sides of the argument for the Mozart Theory.  While listening to music does increase IQ for short periods of time it is not known whether there are long term effects on a fetus. 



RJA 12a: Conversion from MLA to APA Style


Chang, M., Chen, C., & Huang, K. (2008). Effects of music therapy on psychological health of women during pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(19), 2580-2587. Retrieved from http://0-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02064.x/full

Coila, B. (2011, July 17). The effects of music on prenatal babies. Livestrong, Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/494633-the-effects-of-music-on-prenatal-babies/

Giobbi, M. T. (2012, June 16). [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www.mgiobbi.com/2012/06/you-are-your-childs-first-music-teacher.html

Swaminathan , N. (2007, September 13). Fact of fiction? babies exposed to classical music end up smarter. Scientific American, Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=fact-or-fiction-babies-ex>



RJA 11: Argument


1.  The "Mozart Theory" is a widely accepted idea that classical music calms both the mother and child (Swamination). 
A.  Classical music affects spatial-temporal reasoning, allowing for better math and engineering skills later in life. ("Womb to Bloom")  
B.  The womb amplifies sound so whatever the mother is listening to or even the tone in which she speaks and is spoken to can effect the child. (Chang, Chen, and Huang, 2580-2587)

Objections:
A. Researchers claim classical music only helps the IQ temporarily and does not have a long term effect. ("Womb to Bloom")
1.  This study was done with college students it is hard to say what actually happens to the fetus when exposed to music.  
B.   "I think parents are very desperate to give their own children every single enhancement that they can"- Rauscher (Swaminathan) 
1.  This could be true, but no harm could ever come from calming music.  It has been proven that classical music at the least calms the mother and unborn child.  (Chang, Chen, and Huang, 2580-2587)

2.  Newborn babies respond and remember music up to a year after birth.(Drums)
A.  Mothers report feeling kicking in rhythm later in pregnancy when listening to music repetitively (Coila).  
B.  Babies exposed to music sleep easier after birth than those without stimulation.  
C.  The amniotic fluid allows for sounds to travel well, so the baby hears music and voices very clearly.  (Drums)

Objections:
A.  If not used in moderation the unborn child could be overstimulated and it could also hurt development. (Drums)
1.  Harsher styles of music could overstimulate but if the Mozart theory is used the fetus would mostly likely be calmed not overwhelmed.  
B.  The studies done on music exposure focused on older children.  
1.  If music exposure shows influence on older children then it is not a reach to think that fetuses could benefit the same. (Robledo)

3.  A group of women asked to listen to 30 minutes of calming music everyday for two weeks showed a decrease in stress (Chang, Chen, and Huang, 2580-2587). 
A.  Music with a steady beat around 60-80 beats per minute can help relax the mother and unborn child.  Helping relieve stress and decrease depression. (Chang, Chen, and Huang, 2580-2587)
B.  Music therapy is beneficial to mental distress. Two weeks of music exposure was concluded to reduce anxiety, depression, and stress.  (Chang, Chen, and Huang, 2580-2587) 

Objections:
A.  This study is not without fault.  The women involved may have performed different activities while listening or rested more than others.  
1.  The women may have done different activities but the general outcome was still decreased stress regardless of activities performed. 
B.  Music at this tempo may encourage relaxation, and relaxation, or meditation, could be the true reason for decreased stress. (Chang, Chen, and Huang, 2580-2587)
1.   It is the music that stimulates relaxation so even if meditation was the main reason, music was still the stimulant.  



Chang, Mei-Yueh, Chung-Hey Chen, and Kuo-Feng Huang. "Effects of music therapy on psychological health of women during pregnancy." Journal of Clinical Nursing. 17.19 (2008): 2580-2587. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://0-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02064.x/full >.

Coila, Bridget. "The Effects of Music on Prenatal Babies." Livestrong. 17 JUL 2011: n. page. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/494633-the-effects-of-music-on-prenatal-babies/ >.
Drums, X8. "Pregnancy and Music: How Music Stimulates Baby Development." Drum Circle. X8 Drums, 19 JUN 2009. Web. 27 Jun. 2012. <http://www.x8drums.com/v/blog/2009/06/pregnancy-and-music-how-music.asp>.

"Mozart: Fact of Fiction." Womb to Bloom. Womb to Bloom, LLC, 2009. Web. 27 Jun 2012. <http://www.wombtobloom.com/baby-development/125-the-mozart-effect-fact-or-fiction.html>.

Robledo, S. Johanna. "Music and your unborn child." Baby Center. n.d. n. page. Web. 15 Jul. 2012. <http://www.babycenter.com/0_music-and-your-unborn-child_6547.bc?page=2>.

Swaminathan, Nikhil. "Fact of Fiction? Babies Exposed to Classical Music End up Smarter." Scientific American. 13 SEP 2007: n. page. Web. 28 Jun. 2012.

Tuesday, July 10, 2012

RJA 10c: Objections

1.  As long as the mother does not engage in drugs, tobacco, and alcohol the fetus will develop the same with or without music stimulation.

2.  If health issues are addressed and the mother eats normally the fetus will develop naturally.

3.  Music could not be what helps the mother become less stressed, it could be the meditation involved while listening (Chang, Chen, and Huang 2580-2587).


Chang, Mei-Yueh, Chung-Hey Chen, and Kuo-Feng Huang. "Effects of music therapy on psychological health of women during pregnancy." Journal of Clinical Nursing. 17.19 (2008): 2580-2587. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://0-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02064.x/full>.

RJA 10b. Reasons

1.  The "Mozart Theory" is a widely accepted idea that classical music calms both the mother and child (Swamination). 


2.  Mothers report feeling kicking in rhythm later in pregnancy when listening to music repetitively (Coila).  


3.  The womb amplifies sound, it is only natural that what the fetus hears will effect development.  


4.  Children that are exposed to music while in the womb have shown an inclination to musical instruments and the arts later in life (Giobbi).  


5.  A group of women asked to listen to 30 minutes of calming music everyday for two weeks showed a decrease in stress (Chang, Chen, and Huang, 2580-2587). 



Chang, Mei-Yueh, Chung-Hey Chen, and Kuo-Feng Huang. "Effects of music therapy on psychological health of women during pregnancy." Journal of Clinical Nursing. 17.19 (2008): 2580-2587. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://0-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02064.x/full>.
Coila, Bridget. "The Effects of Music on Prenatal Babies." Livestrong. 17 JUL 2011: n. page. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/494633-the-effects-of-music-on-prenatal-babies/>.
Giobbi, Matthew Tyler. "You Are Your Child." Media, Psychology, Culture, & Music. N.p., 16 JUN 2012. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. <http://www.mgiobbi.com/2012/06/you-are-your-childs-first-music-teacher.html>.
Swaminathan, Nikhil. "Fact of Fiction? Babies Exposed to Classical Music End up Smarter." Scientific American. 13 SEP 2007: n. page. Web. 28 Jun. 2012.