I was hoping to find a lot of blogs about mothers talking to other mothers about music during various trimesters. I found a few that were hopeful but none were exactly what I was looking for. Here are the search sites I used:
Whostalkin.com
pregnancy+music+blog
5 hits/ 1 relevant
Twingly.com
Pregnancy+Music
0 relevance
2nd search: Music+"Fetal Development"
many hits, 3 relevant (2 on relevance scale)
Technorati.com
Pregnancy+Music
0 hits (on posts)
10 hits (on blogs)
1 hit relevant and useful
Blogpulse.com
Music+Pregnancy
0 hits
(I wasn't thrilled with this site so I went on to another)
blogcatalog.com
Pregnancy+Music+"Fetal Development"
100's of hits
2 on the relevance scale
Wednesday, June 27, 2012
RJA 6a: Websites
I think I have finally found the best way to search for information on my research topic! Thanks to discussion E I found zuula.com. Zuula searches all search engines for you and then comes up with the most relevant first. Then if you still want to find more information there are tabs to other search engines like Bing and Yahoo that you can try.
My keywords are becoming easier to use now too. Pregnancy+Music+"Fetal Development" seems to work the best especially on Zuula. On the relevance scale I give it a 5. I get thousands of hits when I search these keywords but the most relevant come up first. I would say on the first page of results 90% are relevant to my topic.
At first I was going to focus on music AND emotion and their effect on fetal development, but the more I research the more I think just focusing on music would be my best option. Emotion, especially during pregnancy, is hard to accurately gage whereas music's effect has had studies conducted and is easier to prove.
I used Zuula on June 23, 2012.
Here are some sites I found using Zuula.
http://www.babycenter.com/0_music-and-your-unborn-child_6547.bc
http://www.lullabelly.com/benefits.html
http://www.babyzone.com/pregnancy/bonding-with-baby-to-be/prenatal-learning-with-music_71701
This last link talked about the babies memories of music during and after pregnancy, which I found very helpful.
My keywords are becoming easier to use now too. Pregnancy+Music+"Fetal Development" seems to work the best especially on Zuula. On the relevance scale I give it a 5. I get thousands of hits when I search these keywords but the most relevant come up first. I would say on the first page of results 90% are relevant to my topic.
At first I was going to focus on music AND emotion and their effect on fetal development, but the more I research the more I think just focusing on music would be my best option. Emotion, especially during pregnancy, is hard to accurately gage whereas music's effect has had studies conducted and is easier to prove.
I used Zuula on June 23, 2012.
Here are some sites I found using Zuula.
http://www.babycenter.com/0_music-and-your-unborn-child_6547.bc
http://www.lullabelly.com/benefits.html
http://www.babyzone.com/pregnancy/bonding-with-baby-to-be/prenatal-learning-with-music_71701
This last link talked about the babies memories of music during and after pregnancy, which I found very helpful.
Sunday, June 24, 2012
RJA 5b: Periodical Articles
At first I had difficulty distinguishing periodicals from books because of the way the Auraria Library site is set up but then I figured out how to narrow my search. Researching this subject is becoming easier and easier now that I have specific keywords that give me the results I want. As I said in my previous post, Music+"fetal development" and pregnancy+music, are my best search words. Those keywords bring up at least 5 out of 10 relevant hits. I've searched these over the last couple days (June 20-24.) I have cited these periodicals as well as add them to my Diigo account.
Periodical 1
"A healthy dose of classical music." Sarasota Herald Tribune 30 Mar. 2010. General OneFile. Web. 24 June 2012.
Periodical 1
"A healthy dose of classical music." Sarasota Herald Tribune 30 Mar. 2010. General OneFile. Web. 24 June 2012.
Document
URL
Periodical 2
Amtmann,
I. (1997). Music for the unborn child.
International Journal of Music Education, 29(1),
66-72. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1325448?accountid=14506
Periodical 3
Arabin,
B. (2002), Music during pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol,
20: 425–430. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00844.x
Periodical 4
AL-QAHTANI,
N. H. (2005), Foetal response to music and voice. Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 45: 414–417.
doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2005.00458.x
Periodical 5
Kisilevsky,
B.S., Hains, S.M.J., Jacquet, A.-Y., Granier-Deferre, C. and
Lecanuet, J.P. (2004), Maturation of fetal responses to music.
Developmental Science, 7: 550–559.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00379.x
RJA 5a: Books
I found it surprisingly easy to find books and periodicals on the subject of music and pregnancy. I have also finally narrowed down my keywords so that I can find the information I seek more quickly and efficiently. The keywords that I find most useful are music+"fetal development" and pregnancy+music. Using those keywords I found several possible resources for my research paper. I have cited them and recorded the URL so I can easily find the site again. I found all of these using the Auraria Library online database. I'm very excited that I found so many options so quickly because my web searches turned less hits than I had hoped. All in all 8 out of 10 hits were relevant to my search. I searched them between June 20 and June 24.
Book 1:
Book 1:
James,
D. K., Spencer, C. J. and Stepsis, B. W. (2002), Fetal learning: a
prospective randomized controlled study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol,
20: 431–438. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00845.x
URL:
http://0-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/doi/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00845.x/abstract
Book 2:
Chang,
M.-Y., Chen, C.-H. and Huang, K.-F. (2008), Effects of music therapy
on psychological health of women during pregnancy. Journal of
Clinical Nursing, 17: 2580–2587.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02064.x
URL: http://0-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02064.x/abstract
Book 3:
Lathom, Wanda B. Pediatric Music Therapy. Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas, 2002. Print.
Book 4:
Sacks, Oliver W. Musicophilia: Tales of Music & The Brain. 1st ed. New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2007. Print.
Book 5:
Carolan, Mary, Maebh Barry, Mary Gamble, and Kathleen Turner. Midwifery: The Limerick Lullaby Project: An Intervention to relieve prenatal stress. 28. 2. New York : 2010. 173-180. <http://0-www.sciencedirect.com.skyline.ucdenver.edu/science/article/pii/S0266613810002044>.
Tuesday, June 19, 2012
RJA 4d: Data
Chart of Critical Periods of Human Development
After searching for hours for a chart depicting fetal development I finally found one worth looking into. This chart shows the vital parts of pregnancy that affect the fetus. The part I was interested in was the auditory development though.
In my earlier posts I talk about how music played too loudly could hurt the forming ears of the child, this confirms that this is possible. From week 4 to week 9 is when there is the highest possibility of malformed ears and deafness. Another article I found earlier in the week said that forming fetuses can distinguish sounds as early as 8 weeks. My interpretation of this is that music can help or hinder at this early stage of pregnancy.
I attempted to use several resources to find charts and statistics but most of my keywords did not work. I tried pregnancy+"fetal development"+charts, pregnancy+emotion+chart, cognitive development AND pregnancy, pregnancy+charts, and finally pregnancy+development+charts worked. I'm glad I know this now because at first it seemed impossible to find anything on the subject.
I searched for quite a while on June 17th and all of my keywords brought up dozens of hits but only 1 in 10 were slightly helpful.
After searching for hours for a chart depicting fetal development I finally found one worth looking into. This chart shows the vital parts of pregnancy that affect the fetus. The part I was interested in was the auditory development though.
In my earlier posts I talk about how music played too loudly could hurt the forming ears of the child, this confirms that this is possible. From week 4 to week 9 is when there is the highest possibility of malformed ears and deafness. Another article I found earlier in the week said that forming fetuses can distinguish sounds as early as 8 weeks. My interpretation of this is that music can help or hinder at this early stage of pregnancy.
I attempted to use several resources to find charts and statistics but most of my keywords did not work. I tried pregnancy+"fetal development"+charts, pregnancy+emotion+chart, cognitive development AND pregnancy, pregnancy+charts, and finally pregnancy+development+charts worked. I'm glad I know this now because at first it seemed impossible to find anything on the subject.
I searched for quite a while on June 17th and all of my keywords brought up dozens of hits but only 1 in 10 were slightly helpful.
Sunday, June 17, 2012
RJA 4c: Field Research Options
In the Denver area alone there are many field research options. Many midwives live in my area including a close friend of my sisters. She has already agreed to do an interview with me. In addition to that I can talk to any prenatal center in the city.
I know several new mothers, some who listened to relaxing music regularly and some who did not, who would talk with me about their own personal experiences. They could also tell me how their children developed mentally after birth. Documentaries about fetal development are very prevalent so I plan on viewing several of those as well.
I know several new mothers, some who listened to relaxing music regularly and some who did not, who would talk with me about their own personal experiences. They could also tell me how their children developed mentally after birth. Documentaries about fetal development are very prevalent so I plan on viewing several of those as well.
RJA 4b: Reference Works
My research topic is hard to find reference to in encyclopedias and dictionaries. I tried several keywords and phrases including: fetal development, early cognitive development, fetus, maternity. Surprisingly when I search maternity I got 0 relevant hits. I used encyclopedia.com, infoplease.com, and citizendium.
The only helpful article I was able to find (on June 17) was the one I made reference to in RJA 4a, Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Even this article is about infants and not unborn children.
The only helpful article I was able to find (on June 17) was the one I made reference to in RJA 4a, Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Even this article is about infants and not unborn children.
RJA 4a: Subject-Specific Encyclopedia
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
I used Google as a search engine and found several helpful sites and articles. I found an especially helpful article on Webmd.
Music Reduces Pregnancy Stress
The keywords I used were Pregnancy+Music+Fetal Development, "Positive Attitude"+Pregnancy, Classical Music AND Pregnancy, and "Early Cognitive Development"+Pregnancy+Music. I searched all of them on June 17th.
I got thousands of hits on all of these keywords and phrases but only a small fraction were helpful. The relevance on all of them was about 1 to 100.
One that I found unhelpful was "Positive Attitude"+Pregnancy, there was only one hit that was relevant and even that one was not that informative.
I used Google as a search engine and found several helpful sites and articles. I found an especially helpful article on Webmd.
Music Reduces Pregnancy Stress
The keywords I used were Pregnancy+Music+Fetal Development, "Positive Attitude"+Pregnancy, Classical Music AND Pregnancy, and "Early Cognitive Development"+Pregnancy+Music. I searched all of them on June 17th.
I got thousands of hits on all of these keywords and phrases but only a small fraction were helpful. The relevance on all of them was about 1 to 100.
One that I found unhelpful was "Positive Attitude"+Pregnancy, there was only one hit that was relevant and even that one was not that informative.
RJA 3b: Keywords
Pregnant, pregnancy, emotion, emotions, lullaby, lullabies, baby, babies, hormones, hormonal, Mozart, Bethoven, classical music, positive thinking, maternity, unborn child, fetus, beat, positive attitude, fetal development, music exposure, early cognitive development, emotional affect of music
Boolean Operator:
Classical Music AND Pregnancy
Pregnancy AND Emotion
Maternity AND Music
Fetal Development OR Early Cognitive Development
Maternity NOT Child Birth
Fetus NOT Infant
Search Engine Math:
Pregnancy+Music+"Fetal Development"
"Positive Attitude"+Psychology+Pregnancy
Music+"Unborn Child"+Emotion
Pregnancy+Trimester+"Music Exposure"
Boolean Operator:
Classical Music AND Pregnancy
Pregnancy AND Emotion
Maternity AND Music
Fetal Development OR Early Cognitive Development
Maternity NOT Child Birth
Fetus NOT Infant
Search Engine Math:
Pregnancy+Music+"Fetal Development"
"Positive Attitude"+Psychology+Pregnancy
Music+"Unborn Child"+Emotion
Pregnancy+Trimester+"Music Exposure"
RJA 3a: Research Question
How does music and emotion effect the unborn's cognitive development?
Who has conducted studies over this before?
What type of music is best for the fetus?
When during pregnancy is music and emotion most important?
How does music and emotion effect the unborn's cognitive development?
Should doctors be advocating positive thinking and music exposure?
Would positive thinking and music help prevent certain hereditary illnesses? i.e. Down Syndrome and Autism
How does music and emotion effect the unborn's cognitive development?
Thursday, June 14, 2012
RJA 2C: Research Topic Focus
One argument against musical and emotional stimulants could be that at 17 weeks the fetus is too underdeveloped to distinguish emotion and music from its rapid growth. This could be applied throughout the pregnancy as well. An argument could be that only nutrition and outside stimulants such as tobacco, alcohol, and drugs can affect the unborn child.
If a mother were to listen to harsh styles of music such as grunge and heavy metal it could have an equally damaging affect. Music with fast beats could affect the heart in a negative way, causing the fetus's heartbeat to speed up to match the beat. Positive thinking could give the fetus an altered sense of reality because it would get in the way of normal mood fluctuation. These arguments can be easily addressed from what I have researched so far.
If a mother were to listen to harsh styles of music such as grunge and heavy metal it could have an equally damaging affect. Music with fast beats could affect the heart in a negative way, causing the fetus's heartbeat to speed up to match the beat. Positive thinking could give the fetus an altered sense of reality because it would get in the way of normal mood fluctuation. These arguments can be easily addressed from what I have researched so far.
RJA 2B: Research Topic Exploration
Mom's mood: How it affects her baby
This article talked about positive and negative thinking during pregnancy. Most women have a tendency to be very stressed during pregnancy because of the worries that come with becoming a mother. Pregnant women under stress may have a higher probability of having a baby born too early and underweight.
A Mother's Attitude May Genetically Affect Baby in the Womb
Many women immediately start taking prenatal vitamins but doctors are now prescribing "Positive Thinking."
The Science of Baby Brain
Staying positive can be very hard because massive hormonal fluctuations are constantly happening. Studies have been done with rodents to determine how a mother's cognitive functions are permanently altered during and after pregnancy.
The Effects of Music on Prenatal Babies
It has been a theory for sometime that music heard while in the womb can effect fetal development and cognitive thinking. Babies may benefit from daily exposure of music. Fetus's can hear sounds at 17 weeks and by 38 weeks react differently to various genres of music. The true effects are still unknown but studies thus far have shown an expectation of longer attention spans, better motor skills, and early language development from birth through infancy. This article warned not to turn music up too loud because the amniotic sack amplifies sound. Music that is played too loud can hurt the developing ear.
Prenatal Memory
Various studies have concluded that fetal learning and memory could be studied and investigated using classical conditioning, habituation, and exposure learning. These psychology tools can "train" a fetus to react in a certain way to certain stimulants.
This article talked about positive and negative thinking during pregnancy. Most women have a tendency to be very stressed during pregnancy because of the worries that come with becoming a mother. Pregnant women under stress may have a higher probability of having a baby born too early and underweight.
A Mother's Attitude May Genetically Affect Baby in the Womb
Many women immediately start taking prenatal vitamins but doctors are now prescribing "Positive Thinking."
The Science of Baby Brain
Staying positive can be very hard because massive hormonal fluctuations are constantly happening. Studies have been done with rodents to determine how a mother's cognitive functions are permanently altered during and after pregnancy.
The Effects of Music on Prenatal Babies
It has been a theory for sometime that music heard while in the womb can effect fetal development and cognitive thinking. Babies may benefit from daily exposure of music. Fetus's can hear sounds at 17 weeks and by 38 weeks react differently to various genres of music. The true effects are still unknown but studies thus far have shown an expectation of longer attention spans, better motor skills, and early language development from birth through infancy. This article warned not to turn music up too loud because the amniotic sack amplifies sound. Music that is played too loud can hurt the developing ear.
Prenatal Memory
Various studies have concluded that fetal learning and memory could be studied and investigated using classical conditioning, habituation, and exposure learning. These psychology tools can "train" a fetus to react in a certain way to certain stimulants.
Sunday, June 10, 2012
RJA 2A: Research Topic
How much can a fetus be affected by outside influences in the womb?
I chose this subject because it is somewhat fascinating. The psychological development of a fetus during this stage is controversial. I have had many friends give birth recently and they, for the most part, have handled pregnancy differently. Some women may eat unhealthily listening to every craving their body has, while others may eat extremely healthy and control themselves. Exercising is another aspect that women struggle with, some argue that it is best to keep with your regular schedule while others can say it is harmful. My question is more environmental though, as in the sounds and feelings the fetus feels while in the womb. I would like to research the effects of different genres of music during pregnancy and also the effects of temperament. If the mother tends to get angry or emotional more often, what is the fetus most likely to do?
My knowledge of fetal development is rather elementary, I truly do not know much other than here say. Through different documentaries and family friends I have heard theories though. My mother for example did not eat junk food while pregnant with me, but developmentally I'm not sure what that did because I still love junk food. Another example would be a friend of mine who has two boys. With the first boy she ate whatever she wanted and caved to every craving or urge she had. With the second boy she watched what she ate and exercised more. Now that those boys are older, the first child is more temperamental and wants immediate gratification, the second child is very easy-going and mild tempered.
I do not know all the facts of fetal development, but it is something I would like to learn. There may be many resources that debunk my theory but I'm hoping to find more that support it. I don't know if studies have been conducted on the matter but am interested to find out if there is something substantial to this hypothesis.
RJA 1: Possible Topics
1. Do the good effects of swimming on the body out way the bad?
Scholarly. A positive research question could easily be derived for this topic. Swimming is a diverse sport, it can be recreational, competitive, or rehabilitative, therefore it would be relatively easy to write 3,900 words about the effects of swimming. There are many resources that can be utilized for swimming because it is a world wide sport that attracts athletes across the spectrum of sports. I know a lot about swimming but I do not know anything about the health effects of it. I'm am very interested in finding out if my hypothesis is correct or not. I have no opinion on the matter as of yet. I've never used this subject in a paper before.
2. How much can a fetus be affected by outside influences in the womb? i.e. music, soft sounds.
Academic. This topic can definitely be phrased in a positive connotation. It's a question that has plagued women across the world. The way the fetus psychologically develops while in the womb is not completely known. Resources would be easily accessible and the length of the paper would not be an issue. Many questions have been posed about this topic in the past and I would like to research it further. I do not know anything about this subject but have had many friends have kids recently whom had the same question. I have no opinion over environmental fetal development but am interested to learn more. I have yet to conduct any research on this matter.
3. Does fire mitigation do more harm than good?
Academic. Fire mitigation is a touchy topic because it can save lives in some cases but also hurt the situation in others. A positive research question can be asked of fire mitigation because there are many positive aspects of it and a few negative. Living in Colorado makes this an important topic to cover because fires are rampant across our state, resources can be found in any home in some cases as many people are personal affected by wild fires. I do not have a lot of knowledge about fire mitigation but am intrigued to learn more about what is happening around me. I have never used this subject in a paper before.
4. Could expansion happen on the other side of a black hole?
Scholarly. Since human kind discovered the existence of black holes we have wondered why they exist, what they do, and where the planets/asteroids that they inhale go. A positive question over black holes can easily be asked because no matter the result it is knowledge of how they work that we seek. There are so many places to find information about black holes that writing a 3,900 word paper on the matter would not be difficult. I do not know a lot about this subject, I read an article about the possible outcome on the other side of a black hole years ago but have not read further. I do not have an opinion over it, just a curiosity for its purpose. I have never used this subject in a paper before.
5. Does wind power or solar power create more energy?
Scholarly. With gasoline quickly running out, the quest for an efficient energy source is at its peak. Wind power and solar power are both renewable resources but which creates the most energy? A positive question is the only one that can be asked in this topic because either outcome will suffice. For decades now solar and wind power have been controversial so I do not think I would have difficulty finding information for a 3,900 word paper on the subject. I do not know much about wind and solar energy but feel like it is a topic worth researching, especially if one of them will help fuel the world in the future. I am neutral on the subject and am just curious what the facts are. I have never used this subject in a paper before.
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